Collecting and sending information about a measured variables

     Examples includr pressure sensors (such as bellows,daiphragms,manometers,anf bourdon tubes), temlerature sensors(such as, thermometers, thermal bulbs,thermocouples,thermiistors, and resistance themperature dectectors, level sensors(such as orifice plate and venturi tubes when used eith a differential pressure sensors,and royameters.)

Displaying and/or recording information about a measured variable.

     Instruments that display information include thermostats,speedometers

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APPLICATIONS OF INSTRUMENTATION

Information of instrumentation


     The thermometers, barometers, and anemometers are used by government weather services to analyze the envirnmont. Similarly, water,gas,and electric meters are used to keep track of the consumption and cost of such commodities. Closer to the subject og this book, sensors are used to monitor and record important variable in a process.



     The other and extremrly important application of sensors is that in which theunstrument servesas a comlonent of an automatic control system. The role of the sensors in an  automatic control system  is clearly seen the  traditional block diagram.


     →→ →→  CONTROLLER----------↓

                                                             
  SENSORS                 CONTROLLER                                                   DEVICE
            ↑                                     ↓
            ↑                                     ↓
                                                 ₩₩₩₩ MEASURMENT  
                      PROCESS         EFFECT ON                                                  PROCESS

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WHAT IS AN INSTRUMENT.....?????

INFORMATION AND INSTRUMENTATION  


     An instrument is devices that used to measure and control a process variable.An instrument conerting the parameter that we need to measure into a readable format.

     A system is euipment or a group of equipments functiining together to create a reault or a product with in a controlled condition. As an example considees a computer system, a computer system has its ow  control and which performing according to our instructions and give output. A human body has itd control and  we can say it as a system. Concerned to a doctor a human body is purely a control system, and when that control fails peoples arr visiting a doctor. When the temperature of the human body increases people tells that they feel fever.

     But actually what is happening...? When micro organisms or virus infects a man, thetemperature of the body increases by the control of the body system. Thus the bodies itself having a temperature control. Also the lood pressure of a healthy man is controlled with in the limit of 120/80. When the blood pressure of the body going out the limits,rushing to the hospital. Doctors using many instruments to analyze and measure the disease of a man.

     Another system is an automoblie that is having many controls. For examble ,a geared motorcycle,having clutch, accelerator, brake,gear etc....
Thesare exterior controls, used by the rider. The speed is increased by accelarator and decreased by brake. Thus the riders getting proper control. Grears adjust the power driver to  the wheel. The rider measures the speed through hid eyes and controls the speed.

     In industries and medical field many systems are there. In all the industries  that may be continuously operation like petroleum based refunery or the industries for preparing medicines, which are working as batches, all are have some optimum controlled cinditions and cintrolled to that pounts. For all industry, which is producing polyethlene, the the optimum controlled condition id the ethylene gas at a compressed pressure if 21kg/cm2 and at a low temperature to the required set point. The polymerization is an exothermic process, which produces heat and the temperature will be produced. So raw metirials must be cooled and bring to 790 for the best quality product with the maximum efficiency.

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Introduction to instrumentation

Introduction to instrumentation

Instrumentation is one of the main branches of engineering. It deals with measuring and controlling the process variable. The industrial process variable are pressure, temperature,flow,level, etc....
The technology of using instruments to measure and control the physical and chemical properties of materials are called instrumentation. When the instruments are used for the measurement and control of the industrial manufacturing, conversion or to treating process, the term process  instrumentation is applied. And when the measuring and controlling instruments are combined so that measurements provide impulse for remote automatic action. The result is called a control system.

Aim of instrumentation

The basic purpose of instrumentation in an industry is to obtain maximum output from the industry with the minimum usage of raw material, time, energy, manpower, etc. ...
Instrumentation is a part of science of apply measuring device or measuring and controlling devices to an object or a combination of objects (a system) for the purpose of determining the identity and magnitude of certain varyimg physical or chemical quantities and often for the purpose of controlling those quantities with in specifies limitations.

      The progress of instrumentation in industr
y, as it is know today, took place largely in 1930 s. It begins with the introduction of a reliable instrument for record temperature. With the growth of continuous manufacturering the need for continuous measurement of pressure ,temperature, flow, level, and flow become a necessity. There are continuous demands for the improvement

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